The cot– coat merger is a phenomenon occurring for some speakers of Zulu English where the phonemes /ɒ/ and /oʊ/ are not distinguished.The toe– tow merger is a merger of the Early Modern English vowels /oː/ and /ɔu/.The pane– pain merger is a merger of the long mid monophthong /eː/ and the diphthong /ɛi/.They occur in all but a few dialects of English. The following mergers are grouped together by Wells as the long mid mergers.The vein– vain merger is the merger of the Middle English diphthongs /ai/ and /ei/ that occurs in all dialects of present English.Main article: Phonological history of English diphthongs ", and gives as examples words such as sep(a)rate (as an adjective), choc(o)late, cam(e)ra and elab(o)rate (as an adjective), where the schwa (represented by the letters in parentheses) has a tendency to be deleted. American English schwa deletes in medial posttonic syllables. English has the tendency to delete schwa when it appears in a mid-word syllable that comes after the stressed syllable. The pit– pet merger is a complete merger of /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ – not restricted to positions before nasals – occurring for some speakers of Newfoundland English.The thank– think merger is the lowering of /ɪ/ to /æ/ before the velar nasal /ŋ/ that can be found in the speech of speakers of African American Vernacular English.The met– mate merger is a phenomenon occurring for some speakers of Zulu English where /eɪ/ and /ɛ/ are both pronounced /ɛ/. The met– mat merger is a phenomenon occurring in Malaysian English and Singaporean English where the phonemes /ɛ/ and /æ/ are both pronounced /ɛ/.The mitt– meet merger is a phenomenon occurring in Malaysian English and Singaporean English where the phonemes /iː/ and /ɪ/ are both pronounced /i/. The merger is complete outside the British Isles and virtually complete within them.
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